Reeth
Museum's Digital Image Archive has beeen
transfered to the Resource Centre in
Keld.
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| Who lived in East Yorkshire? |
Following our AGM in November, SWAAG member Ian Earnshaw gave a presentation entitled “Who Lived in Eastern Yorkshire Before, During and After the Dark Ages – Does anyone really know?”
The land covering Eastern Yorkshire is thought to have been occupied by a tribe originating from the Paris-area of France, in the Iron-Age and into the Roman Period. They were called the “Parisi” tribe.
The main facts for this include both Ptolemy’s book “Geographica” written around 150AD, which placed “…near a bay suitable for a harbour the Parisii and the town Peturia” and his separate maps. They are also placed in the same area during the Iron-Age because of the Chariot-Burials in round barrows found near Arras Farm, Market Weighton, which also appear in the Paris, France area. The tribe seem to have been quite separate from the “Brigantes” tribe who happened to occupy the rest of Northern England during this same time.
The known facts behind this theory have, over the years, raised doubts and then largely been discredited, leaving only the book “Geographica” written by Ptolemy firstly in Greek, then later copied and translated into Arabic, and then further copied and translated into Latin. Unfortunately, we do not have any of the original books available to us today, so we do not really know who Ptolemy was writing about.
The only real facts that we do know about them is that their Tribal name ends with the letters “RISI”, starts with a letter “P” and is at least 6 characters long. If you look at the tribes living in the North Sea and English Channel areas during Roman times, there is only one other alternative to the “Parisi” tribe – and they are the “Phrisii” tribe as the Romans called them, or the “Frisians” as we call them, living on the coast in Friesland in the north of the Netherlands.
As an observation, if the upright on the second letter in the name “Phrisii” is lost due to some typo such as running out of ink, poor quality paper etc. you will have the “Parisi” as now living in Friesland. Which, with the many copies of the book over the hundreds of years, must cast some doubt on who the people were that Ptolemy wrote about.
The “Phrisii” were Celtic at this time, and well known to the Romans as expert sailors, traders, cavalry/soldiers and salt producers. They were also Pirates, and you could say the original Vikings.
The “Phrisii” homeland became almost totally depopulated in the 2nd and 3rd centuries due to rising sea levels, exactly around the time when Ptolemy was writing about them as being in Eastern Yorkshire. There is further evidence of the “Phrisii” as being on the coast in the Eastern Yorkshire area well before the Angles/Saxons Mass Migration of 449AD/450AD as documented by Gildas, Bede and the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, such as: trading links; a shared jet fashion culture; shared burial practises; River Names such as the Humber; inheritance rights; use of Frisian words; pronouncing of town names.
This would mean that we would expect the “Brigantes” tribe to be living in the whole of the northern England area during the Iron-Age. During the Roman period, the “Phrisii” would be living on the Eastern Yorkshire coast with the “Brigantes” tribe and Roman Army veterans living inland on the Wolds and Moors. Later after the mass migrations of 449AD/450AD, the area would also be populated by Angles and their Allies right up to the Viking Period.
Ian Earnshaw. |
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| News Record: 195 Updated: 15-12-2024 15:59:46 |
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| Reeth Local History Walk – 7th September 2024 |
25 Members and guests joined Alan and Judith Mills on Saturday 7th September, to explore the local history of Reeth and its surrounding area.
Starting on Reeth green Alan discussed the development of the village and its appearance as incomplete planned village. Reeth got is Market Charter in 1695. Buildings dating from medieval, through Georgian to more modern alterations in late 19C and early 20C periods were discussed.
From the bandstand the western part of the Grinton – Fremington Dykes and the Romano- British settlement. Following along the line of Harkerside the southern dykes can be observed.
Further investigation of the green area the Porters Lodge for the Reeth Poor Law Union Workhouse was pointed out. In operation from 1840 to 1930 the workhouse housed up to 80 paupers.
Leaving the Green we passed down towards Reeth bridge (built 1772/3) passing Stonegate (many of which were shops in earlier times). Arriving at Fremington Corn Mill it is possible to see the water wheel still in situ in the building. The first record of the mill was in 1288, the current building dates from 1751 and closed around 1900.
As we approached Draycott Hall a ditch and bank can be observed running up to High Fremington. A little further along the road to the right an eroded bank can be seen – is this part of the dyke system or not?
We then progressed towards Grinton. The bridge was constructed 1797, looking underneath you can see where the medieval bridge was widened to accommodate more traffic.
Passing through the church yard in Grinton we moved along the Corpse Way. You can now see more parts of the “dyke” system. Here the ditch and bank are clear. There are 7 sections of the dyke in the area – possible Bronze Age / Iron Age / Viking? – but probably multi period, extended and reused as required over the ages.
Swale Hall Farm is one of the oldest houses in the area. This is a possible site of a corn mill, usually every manor house had a corn mill (this is the manor of West Grinton). Moving on we passed a Bronze age burial mound, the Romano British settlement we had seen from Reeth Green, a Burnt Mound and a Tufa Quarry (white calcium carbonate – limestone – used as a fertiliser).
At the Swing Bridge you can see How Hill to your left (a worked mound with a possible settlement on top. Across the river you can see the strip lynchets (terraces) dating from 14th C.
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| The south-western dyke |
Reeth Union Workhouse Porters Lodge with Wards behind |
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| News Record: 194 Updated: 10-11-2024 15:59:56 |
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| Bread Ovens and Campaign Medals |
SWAAG member, Richard Hunt, spoke about his research into bread ovens in Swaledale. He began by explaining that historically there were three main types of bread oven – communal ones that served a village or hamlet, internal beehive-shaped bread ovens and external bakehouses. To date he has discovered that nineteen houses between Grinton and Keld had or still have bread ovens. They are usually on north-facing walls and a number were built understairs. Sometimes a few curved footing stones on the outside of a building are the only clue to a bricked up or demolished bread oven. Bakehouses are trickier to discover as their more substantial dimensions meant that some were subsequently converted into small dwelling houses. The manorial records sometimes refer to bakehouses, allowing Richard to identify thirty-five locations where these might previously have existed. Finding them on the ground is trickier. There may have been communal bread ovens in Swaledale, which might explain why some villages seem to have comparatively few houses with bread ovens, but caution is required as the sample size is small. There is some evidence that communal bread ovens existed nearby in Bowes, where there is a record of two villagers having been prosecuted for using their own bread ovens. Manor bakehouses may have had a monopoly in the same way as manor corn mills. As most of Richard’s discoveries have been by word-of-mouth, he would be very interested to hear from you, if you too have a bread oven!
One of Richard’s other interests is pre-20th century campaign medals. Medals were awarded following major wars, with additional bars added for specific battles. The first were awarded by the East India Company following the 4th Anglo Mysore War (1798-99), which saw the defeat and death of Tipu Sultan, ‘The Tiger’, ruler of Mysore. The medals, which were made of either gold, silver, bronze or tin, showed the British lion defeating the tiger on one face. Monetary awards were also given, varying from £10,000 down to £7.
The British Government only began issuing campaign medals much later, when they issued them retrospectively to the participants in the Napoleonic wars. Campaign medals show the name of the soldier together with their regiment, giving a small insight into their time in battle. Richard looked at several of the campaigns in more detail and briefly considered their impact, together with the controversies they caused.
J.H. |
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| News Record: 193 Updated: 07-11-2024 14:50:10 |
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